Bibliography and Footnote Templates

If you have not yet done so, open the Style window for the style you wish to work with. (See Opening the Style Window.)

Click Templates under the Bibliography or Footnotes heading in the Style window to see the templates for how those references are formatted.

For footnote and bibliography templates, each has a Generic template, and other reference-type-specific templates to format the various reference types in a bibliography.

The following examples show how journal articles, books, and book sections, respectively, would be formatted with the Numbered style. Notice that each reference type is formatted differently, which is why different templates are required:

1. Wang, L., et al., Azure-winged magpies fail to understand the principle
of mirror imaging. Behavioural Processes, 2020. 177: p. 8.

2. Pepperberg, I.M., The Alex studies: Cognitive and communicative
abilities of grey parrots. 1999, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press. 434.

3. Clayton, N.S. and N.J. Emery, What Do Jays Know About Other Minds and
Other Times? in Neurobiology of “Umwelt,” A. Berthoz and Y. Christen,
Editors. 2009, Springer-Verlag Berlin: Berlin. p. 109-123.

Generic Template

The Generic template is used to format references that use the Generic reference type or do not have their own template in the style. For example, if a Book template had not been included in the style, book references would be formatted using the Generic template.

Generic — Short Form Template

The Generic — Short Form template may be defined for each reference type just like the regular footnote. You can edit the short form in a template. The order of use is that:

The short form definition for a specific reference is used.
If the definition is not available, then the generic short form definition is used.
If no generic definition is available, then the full form of the reference for that type is used.
If the full form is not available, then the generic full form is used.

Other Reference Type Templates

The rest of the templates in the style tell EndNote how to format specific reference types, such as journals, books, and book sections. If a check mark appears next to a reference type in the Reference Type list, a template is already defined for it (you can edit the template).

Footnote Template Options

Styles have varying requirements for how citations in footnotes should be formatted. The options at the top of the Footnotes Templates panel in the Style window allow for the different conditions.

For some styles, citations in footnotes are formatted just like in-text citations (in the body of the paper). In that case, there is no need to create a special template for footnotes; select the Same as citation option from the Format citations in footnotes list.
Similarly, some formats request that citations in footnotes are formatted as full bibliographic references, exactly like the bibliography. For those styles, set the Format citations in footnotes option to Same as Bibliography.
However, if you need the footnotes to use their own special format (most styles for the humanities require this), you would set the Format citations in footnotes option to Using footnote format to format citations in footnotes with a unique footnote format. For this option, you need to define the templates for how citations in footnotes should be formatted.

For information about how to treat repeated citations, such as using a short form for nonconsecutive repeated citations, and Ibid. for consecutive repeated citations, see Repeated Citations in Footnotes.

For repeated citations, select the checkbox that tells the system to include the Title field only when needed to disambiguate a citation in the short form.