Notes About Temporary Citations
  • Each citation must match only one reference in the library.
  • When Instant Formatting is turned off, a temporary citation is enclosed in citation delimiters and typically includes the first author’s last name, the year of publication, and the record number for that reference. For example:

{Schwartz,1990 #5;Billoski,1992 #28}.

If you would prefer to use the Label field or Accession Number field instead of the record number in temporary citations, see Temporary Citations Preferences for information on this setting.

  • Within one set of citation delimiters you can have several citations separated by semicolons.
  • Curly braces ("{" and "}") are the default temporary citation delimiters, although they can be changed (see Temporary Citation Delimiters). EndNote looks for these markers to find citations in your word processing documents.
  • In addition to the citation delimiters, there are other possible components to a temporary citation: Author, Year, Record Number, Prefix Text, Suffix Text, and any other text found in the record. You can also use a special tag to format the citation as Author (Year). See Components of a Temporary Citation.
  • Any part of a temporary citation can be omitted, as long as enough information remains to match just one reference in the library. If you omit an author or year from a temporary citation, those components are omitted from the formatted citation as well—although you can change this preference. See Omitting Authors or Years from Citations for more information. Additionally, you can omit the entire citation so that the entry only appears in the bibliography (see Components of a Temporary Citation).

Related Topics

Citation Prefixes

Citation Suffixes

Citing Specific Page Numbers in Footnotes

Examples of Modified Citations

Including Semicolons and Other Citation Delimiters in a Citation

Omitting Authors or Years from Citations

Temporary Citations Preferences

Typing Citations into Your Paper