Author Lists in the Bibliography and Footnotes
The Author Lists panels under the Bibliography and Footnotes headings let you specify exactly how the authors are to appear in the formatted bibliographic references or in your footnotes. You can format author names differently in the footnotes and bibliography, so be sure that you check the Author Lists settings under all these headings to adjust settings. The settings in these panels apply to all reference types formatted with the current style.
Note: In the example text below, dots (·) are used to indicate where a space should be added in the style. These dots will not appear in EndNote's Author Lists panels, spaces will appear instead. They are added here only to make spacing clearly recognizable.
Separators Between Author Names
In the "Author Separators" box, enter any punctuation and spaces that separate the individual author names in a citation or bibliographic reference. In references with multiple authors, it is standard to separate the names with a comma and a space.
- Use the between box to enter a comma and a space or any other required punctuation.
- Use the before last box to enter the separator that appears before the last author in a reference. Sometimes this is something other than a comma and a space, such as ",·and·" or an ampersand (&) followed by a space.
Normally only the first row in the Author Separators box is used (with the range of authors set at "1 to 100") so that the separators in that row apply to all of the authors cited in a reference. However, there are styles in which two authors are listed as "Smith and Jones" (without a comma), and more than two are listed as "Smith, Jones, and Johnson" (with a comma before the word "·and·"). In this case, make "·and·" the "before last" separator when there are only two authors; and enter ",·and·" when there are 3 or more authors.
Note: Include spaces before and after the word "and" and a space after commas.
Abbreviating the Author List
Some journals require that you abbreviate the list of authors, using "et al." or an equivalent, after a certain number of authors. The Abbreviated Author List section of the Author List panel allows you to specify the number of authors needed to trigger this abbreviation, how many authors to include in the formatted reference, and what the abbreviation should be.
- List all author names
Select this option if you do not want to abbreviate the author lists. - If ___ or more authors, list the first ___ author(s) and abbreviate with ___
Select this option and fill in the blanks with the appropriate numbers and text (such as ",·et al.") if you would like the list of authors abbreviated.
APA Author List Setting
In the Author List settings for bibliographies there is a setting within the Abbreviated Author List settings that is sometimes referred to as the "APA setting." For the APA 6th and 7th styles, this option includes the following settings:
- For APA 6th: If 8 or more authors, list the first 6 authors, insert … and add the last author's name.
- For APA 7th: If 21 or more authors, list the first 19 authors, insert … and add the last author's name.
This setting allows you to display a set number of author names (or editor names for the Edited Book reference type) followed by an ellipsis (…), followed by the last author name (or editor name for the Edited Book reference type). This option is already set up for the APA styles included with EndNote, but you can also use it for other styles based on the APA style, if needed.
For Subsequent Works by the Same Author
In some bibliographic styles, if there is more than one work by an author (or group of authors), the first appearance of that author name is formatted differently from subsequent works. For example, the first reference might list the full author name, while subsequent references display a line of dashes in place of the author name.
You can print the entire author list for each reference, completely leave out the author list for subsequent works, or replace repeated author lists with a text string.
Abbreviated Author List — Short Form (footnotes only)
- List all author names
Select this option if you do not want to abbreviate the author lists. - If ___ or more authors, list the first ___ author(s) and abbreviate with ___
Select this option and fill in the blanks with the appropriate numbers and text (such as ",·et al.") if you would like the list of authors abbreviated.
When entering an abbreviation such as ",·et al." You can italicize the abbreviation by selecting the "Italic" checkbox in the dialog.
Remember to save your style after making your changes. See Saving Styles.